Guide to US Expat Taxes in Germany

Germany is a colorful, modern, and vibrant country. From relaxed lakeside cafes to the Oktoberfest revelers in Bavaria (where yummy pretzels, beer, and lederhosen shops abound!). From the rural villages of the Alps to cosmopolitan cities like Berlin and Hamburg, Germany has it all! With all Germany has to offer, it’s no wonder you chose to pack up your life, hop on a plane, and move there. But what about that life back home? And what about filing your American Taxes as an expat in Germany?

If you’re a US citizen, you may be surprised to learn not everything from your old life can be left entirely behind. The IRS wants to stay in touch. Well, sort of. We’re trying to say that just because you’ve left the US for Germany doesn’t mean you don’t need to get in touch from time to time.

When it comes to your taxes, the IRS expects to still hear from you annually. Through your yearly tax return, that is. To help you navigate your new life, we’ve put together this guide for expats like yourself.

American Expat Taxes in Germany | Topics We’ll Cover

Who needs to File?	Expat Tax Deadlines	Expat Streamlining
Your Tax Filing Status	Child Tax Credits	Avoid Double Taxation
Report Foreign Assets	Self-Employment Taxes	Investing from Germany
Buying & Renting	Retiring in Germany	MyExpatTaxes Can Help

Who Needs to File US Expat Taxes from Germany?

Are you a US citizen? Are you a US Green Cardholder? If you can answer yes to one of those questions, you may need to file American expat taxes from Germany every year.  

Once you know that you MAY need to file, you need to know what considerations determine whether or not you are required to file a tax return for the given tax year. According to the general filing requirements provided by the IRS, anyone who is A, a US citizen or B, a Greencard holder, and who meets or surpasses the minimum income threshold is required to file a tax return. 

For 2022 (filing in 2023), the minimum income thresholds are:

Single	$12,950
Married Filing Jointly	$25,900
Married Filing Separately	$5
Head of Household	$19,400
Qualifying Widow(er)	$25,900
Self-Employed*	$400

Anyone whose 2022 income met or exceeded the Income Filing Threshold must file a US tax return in 2023. If you are filing as Married Filing Separately, that means if you made just $5 of income in 2022, you would need to file!

Expat Tax Tip: if you are living in Germany and married to a Non-US Citizen, you will probably be filing as Married Filing Separately, so you will need to file a American Tax Return from Germany if you make more than $5.

We’ve got a lot more information about tax-filing thresholds for American expats in Germany and worldwide. 

IRS Deadlines for US Expat Taxes in Germany

Expats living in Germany need to be aware of American tax return deadlines abroad. As opposed to our friends and family back home, who only need to remember the April 15th deadline, expats may want to be aware of a few more Tax return Deadlines.

April.15	Traditional Tax Filing Deadline. Expats who need to pay US Taxes should file by this date.
June.15	Automatic extended deadline for Americans Abroad. Expats can file by June 15th without having to request an extension. It’s automatic.
Oct.15	Additional Extension Deadline. Anyone who still needs more time can request an additional extension. Request the extension for free before June 15th.
Dec.15	Last Extension Deadline. Do you need a lot of time to file? You can write to the IRS and request an even later deadline. You’ll have to give a good reason and need to file by then. There are no further extensions! Everything after December 15th is officially late.

Note: If the April 15th deadline falls on a weekend or holiday, that deadline, as well as the corresponding extensions, are pushed forward. A good example of this is in 2023. April 15th falls on a US Holiday, so the official filing date is April 18th. This also occurs with the October deadline, which falls on October 16th in 2023.

Never Filed Abroad? Get Caught up From Germany

If you hold US Citizenship, you probably need to file US taxes each year, even if you live in Germany. For American expats who moved to Germany from the United States, filing a tax return is nothing new. But it may be news to you that you still have to file, even when you move abroad.

If you’re a US Citizen who has never lived in the United States, an “Accidental American,” you may be surprised to learn about your tax filing burden. If this is the first time you learn about your duty to file a US tax return, don’t worry. We can help! 

Getting Caught Up via The Streamlined Procedure

Anyone outside the US who didn’t know they needed to file US taxes can use The Streamlined Procedure to catch up. Both Accidental Americans and Americans who moved abroad later in life can use it.

The IRS created the Streamlined Procedure to provide amnesty for anyone who didn’t know they needed to file a US tax return. Americans who use The Streamlined Procedure catch up by filing a limited number of past tax returns and FBARs. All without penalty from the IRS. 

The key is to use The Streamline Procedure BEFORE the IRS catches up with you. Otherwise, you won’t be eligible for the program and could face hefty fines.

Why does the IRS offer this program? In all honesty, it eases the IRS’s burden of chasing down accidental “tax evaders” while encouraging anyone who didn’t know they needed to file to report their income and foreign assets. 

MyExpatTaxes offers the most affordable Streamlined Procedure, which includes all the necessary tax returns and FBARs required and a tax professional to support you and sign off on your submission.

Filing US Taxes for Your Family Abroad 

Now that you know IF you need to file US income taxes based on the minimum income threshold, you also need to understand which filing status you should use. 

Should you file jointly or separately from your spouse? Are you married and living in the US? You probably file Jointly because you’ll typically get the best tax breaks. But what about when you are married and living in Germany? How should you file then?

To answer this question, you need to ask another one: Is your spouse a US citizen? 

Your Spouse is a US Citizen or Greencard Holder: Since you both must report your foreign income and your foreign assets, the best option is probably Married Filing Jointly. In the eyes of the IRS, as a married couple, it makes little difference where in the world you live, including Germany.

Your Spouse is a non-US Citizen: If you live outside the United States, your foreign spouse is not required to file a US tax return. In most cases, filing as married-filing-separately is the best way to go. Remember, they must be a non-US Citizen without a Greencard to file separately.

Child Tax Credits for Families Living Abroad

Whether Married or Single, most expat parents can benefit from the Child Tax Credit. You can claim up to $1,500 per child in refundable child tax credits when you live abroad. Since most expats won’t owe US taxes, chances are you will receive the total amount as a tax return. Now that’s a win. 

If you were hoping to receive the new, higher Child Tax Credit, you must have lived in the US for at least half of the tax year. Read more about if your child qualifies for the Child Tax Credit and exactly how much you could receive. 

MyExpatTaxes‘ tax software will automatically determine if you are eligible for the refund. You can always ask a tax professional to review your prior year’s US tax returns to see if they are worth amending.

Anyone who doesn’t qualify as married according to the IRS but still has dependent children can consider if they should file as Head of Household.

Head of Household: When you pay more than half in maintaining your home/household during the tax year, and you have a qualifying child, you can claim this status

Tax Forms Expats Should Know

Sure, you may know a bit about filing a 1040, but for Americans in Germany, there are several tax forms expats should be aware of when filing taxes. FEIE, FATCA, FTC, or FBAR are more than fancy acronyms. They are important documents you might need to file. 

Two of the most common expat tax form categories are Forms that help you avoid Double Taxation and Forms that help you report your foreign assets.

Forms That Help You Avoid Double Taxation
Foreign Tax Credit – Form 1116. It gives you credit for income taxes you paid in Germany
Foreign Earned Income Exclusion – Form 2555. Excludes a certain amount of the income you made in Germany

Forms That Help You Report Your Foreign Assets
FATCA – Form 8938. Mandatory report to the IRS of foreign assets over $200,000 for singles and $400,000 for married couples living abroad.
FBAR – Form 114. Mandatory report to FinCEN of foreign assets over $10,000.

Self-Employment in Germany

Congrats! You’re living your best life in your favorite German town, AND you’re self-employed. That is no small feat! As any American, self-employed expat in Germany will probably tell you, the Germans sure love their taxes! 

While you’re busy getting your “Steuererklärung” in order, don’t let this be an excuse to forget your US tax return. 

One of the most common mistakes when using US-based tax software is US expats getting incorrectly charged with US self-employment taxes. That’s why MyExpatTaxes was created to prevent you from paying more taxes than you should!

Basics of Investing as an American in Germany

There are several ways to invest your money while living in Germany. While it is true that the US has strict rules regarding expats investing, it doesn’t make it impossible. It’s relatively easy once you know where you should and should not invest.

Common Ways to Invest in Germany:

• Property: Americans living in Germany are allowed to buy property. Both for personal use or as an investment.
• IRAs/Roth IRAs: Ready to save for retirement? Great. Expats can invest up to $6,000 per year in a Retirement Account. 
• US-based Stocks & Bonds: Make your life easy and your wallet happy and keep your portfolio US-based. There are often high fees and even higher tax rates when Americans invest in foreign investment products like mutual funds based outside of America!

Suppose you invest in German mutual funds; there is no need to sell them all now. MyExpatTaxes is the only tax software that will help walk you through how to report these investments to the IRS on Form 8621 (PFICs).

Property in Germany

Another common way to invest can be via buying property. If you’re unable to purchase just yet, then renting may be a better choice.

Buying & Selling Property

Buying: Depending on where you want to live in Germany, you may consider whether buying a property is worthwhile. Germany has a competitive market because of low-interest rates on home mortgages. 

Purchasing a home in Germany will not trigger a US taxable event. However, if you suddenly have a large deposit made into your German bank account for your new mortgage, expect to report that on the FBAR and potentially Form 8938.

See also: 8 Things to consider when buying property abroad.

Selling: When it comes time to dispose of your foreign property, you will need to make sure to document the cost basis and sellings fees accurately, so you are only taxed on the profit from the sale. Just like with US properties, you might be able to exclude up to $250,000 or more of profit from the sale of your foreign property if you satisfy the Section 121 Exclusion requirements.

Perks of buying in Germany:

• Own your own home, and have the right to make decisions about it
• Possibly a good return on your investment if done right
• The German property market is considered relatively stable

Downsides of buying in Germany:

• If you plan to sell your home after fewer than ten years, you will pay significant capital gains taxes to the German government.
• If you plan to use the property for rental income, beware of the laws there that are protecting renters; they are robust. They could potentially lead to trouble as a landlord if you don’t prepare ahead of time. 

Renting Property

Renting: It may come as a surprise to some, but the majority of the German population famously prefers to rent. For Americans, this may come as a bit of a surprise. With rental prices in most areas quite reasonable, many Germans don’t see the benefit of buying their home.

Perks to Renting in Germany:

• Strong renter’s rights! Those same renter’s rights that can challenge property owners provide you security.
• Little commitment. If you move unexpectedly, you only need to honor your rental agreement. 

Downsides when renting in Germany:

• You’ll need to return the property in the same condition you received it. If you rented a freshly painted apartment, you’d have to paint it when you move out, especially if you hope to get your deposit back.
• Kitchen Not Guaranteed. Yup! In Germany, renting out property without any kitchen cabinets or appliances is prevalent. You’ll need to provide those yourself.

Like with US rental income, you will need to report any rental income and expenses from your German properties on your US Tax Return via Schedule E. Just a heads up, the US calculates depreciation differently than the Germans do, so let MyExpatTaxes figure out the rental depreciation for you.

The Foreign Housing Exclusion:

When we’re talking about housing options for expats abroad, we can’t forget to share another way to reduce your US tax bill. Use the Foreign Housing Exclusion to account for expenses associated with your foreign housing, such as:

• Rent
• Utilities
• Property Insurance
• Household repairs…and more!

Retiring Abroad in Germany

Ahhh….retirement. In German, we don’t call them “Senior Citizens” but “Pensionär.” As in, a person receiving their pension. Retiring abroad is an excellent opportunity to experience a new culture, travel easily around Europe, and perhaps even learn a new language! 

Before retiring, you might want to look into saving up for retirement with these accounts:

1. German pension through your employer – thanks to the German/US Tax Treaty, contributions and earnings in these plans are deferred from taxation until you withdraw the income!
2. German state pension – thanks to the German/US Tax Treaty, this income would generally be exempt from US taxation
3. US Individual Retirement Account (IRA)
4. US Social Security Benefits

Get Help Filing From the Experts

MyExpatTaxes is here to help. If you still have questions after reading all 2,500+ words of this guide to expat taxes in Germany, don’t worry! You can check out our Help Center, get in touch with a tax professional, or simply start filing your tax return and ask questions as you go via the live chat!

3 Reasons to file your US expat taxes from Germany with MyExpatTaxes.com

1. Made by expats for expats. No one knows the trials and tribulations of US expat taxes like an expat! We built MyExpatTaxes to help others like ourselves.
2. Clear, transparent pricing. We pride ourselves on our transparent pricing plans. No surprises from us!
3. E-file! We can e-file 99% of expat tax returns. No more printing off your tax forms and mailing them to Texas. With us, it’s easy to e-file online.

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